Ear Nose Throat J. 2003 May;82(5):363.
FIRST PARAGRAPH: Parathyroid hyperplasia is classified as either primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary parathyroid hyperplasia occurs in approximately 15% of patients with hyperparathyroidism. Most cases are sporadic, and they usually occur in patients who are middle-aged and older. Approximately 20% of all cases of primary chief-cell hyperplasia are associated with one of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. Symptoms are referable to the level and duration of serum calcium elevation, although routine biochemical testing has led to an increase in the identification of asymptomatic patients. Biochemically, ionized serum calcium levels are elevated, and serum phosphorus concentrations are lowered. Technetium-99m sestamibi imaging successfully localizes as many as 60% of hyperplastic glands, although this technique is significantly more effective in localizing adenomas and carcinomas. Therefore, at least two glands should be examined histologically to confirm the diagnosis.
PubMed ID: 12789760
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